Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft being transported from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center to a facility at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Thursday, Nov. 21, 2019 in preparation for launch atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket ahead of Boeing’s uncrewed Orbital Flight Test to the International Space Station. Credit NASA
Since 2010, CCP has progressed through several phases of development, with NASA awarding funded and unfunded development activities for commercial crew transportation capabilities to eight companies for a total of $8.5 billion.
| Boeing | SpaceX | Sierra Nevada | OTHER | TOTAL | |
| CCDEV1 | 18 | 20 | 12 | 50 | |
| CCDEV2 | 112.9 | 75 | 105.6 | 22.5 | 316 |
| CCiCap | 480 | 460 | 227.5 | 0 | 1167.5 |
| CPC | 10 | 9.6 | 10 | 0 | 29.6 |
| CCtCAP | 4328.2 | 2608.4 | 0 | 6936.6 | |
| Total | 4949.1 | 3153 | 363.1 | 8465.2 |
- Commercial Crew Development Round 1 (CCDev1). NASA’s efforts to facilitate the development of a commercial crew transportation capability began in February 2010 when the Agency awarded a total of $50 million in Space Act Agreements to five companies—Blue Origin, Boeing, Paragon Space Development Corporation, Sierra Nevada Corporation (Sierra Nevada), and United Launch Alliance—to fund research and design of key technologies and systems.
- Commercial Crew Development Round 2 (CCDev2). Beginning in April 2011, NASA awarded additional Space Act Agreements worth $316 million to four companies—Blue Origin, Boeing, Sierra Nevada, and SpaceX—to continue development of their crewed space flight systems. NASA also entered into unfunded Space Act Agreements with three other companies—Alliant Techsystems, Excalibur Almaz Inc., and United Launch Alliance—to provide technical assistance on space transportation concepts.
- Commercial Crew Integrated Capabilities (CCiCap). NASA then awarded in August 2012 a total of $1.168 billion in Space Act Agreements to Boeing, Sierra Nevada, and SpaceX to continue development and for each contractor to complete a Critical Design Review in preparation for upcoming ISS crew transportation contract awards.
- Certification Products Contract (CPC). In CCP’s first use of a FAR contract instead of a Space Act Agreement, the Agency awarded in December 2012 a total of $30 million to Boeing, Sierra Nevada, and SpaceX through CPCs to set the certification plans for each contractor.
Commercial Crew Transportation Capability (CCtCap). In September 2014, NASA awarded Boeing and SpaceX firm-fixed-price contracts worth $6.9 billion to complete development of their commercial crew transportation systems and carry astronauts to and from the ISS on a total of 12 missions through the ISS’s planned retirement in 2024.
Figure 8 summarizes the commercial crew development funding history for Boeing, SpaceX, and Sierra Nevada through August 2019.
The SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft for Demo-2 arrived at the launch site on Feb. 13, 2020. Photo credit: SpaceX
